what is counterintelligence

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary Spain's 3/11 Commission called for this center to do operational coordination as well as information collection and dissemination. When the FBI arrested Robert Hanssen, one of its own, he had been in a clandestine relationship for over 20-years giving away the crown jewels. NIST SP 800-60 Vol. While much of the book was reasonable commentary, it revealed some specific and sensitive techniques, such as Operation RAFTER, a means of detecting the existence and setting of radio receivers. PDF What is Counterintelligence? - iwp.edu When youre not catching spies, you have a bad counterintelligence service. walk-ins and write-ins (individuals who volunteer information), unwitting sources (any individual providing useful information to counterintelligence, who in the process of divulging such information may not know they are aiding an investigation), defectors and enemy prisoners of war (EPW), interviewees (individuals contacted in the course of an investigation). It is illegal, and you can get help to stop . Counterintelligence Awareness Toolkit - DCSA CDSE Comments about specific definitions should be sent to the authors of the linked Source publication. Ironically, he told them of suspicious actions by Robert Hanssen, which were not taken seriously at the time. Mission Centers | Homeland Security As an Intelligence Analyst you will focus on a country or specific field gathering information, analyzing and making assessments and developing reports based on intelligence gathered. NIST SP 800-59 Defensive counterintelligence specifically for intelligence services involves risk assessment of their culture, sources, methods and resources. "The security intelligence process should not be confused with the liaison conducted by members of the Canadian Forces National Investigation Service (CFNIS) for the purpose of obtaining criminal intelligence, as the collection of this type of information is within their mandate.". where foreign officials are involved, expel them for engaging in practices inconsistent "The Hizballah operatives believed to have conducted this attack began intelligence collection and planning activities in 1993. The NOCs were deceived and exploited and then their operations disrupted when they were arrested. Moreover, only a high-level penetration of the opposition can tell you whether your own service is penetrated. Counterespionage goes beyond being reactive and actively tries to subvert hostile intelligence service, by recruiting agents in the foreign service, by discrediting personnel actually loyal to their own service, and taking away resources that would be useful to the hostile service. While the concept well precedes the recognition of a discipline of OSINT, the idea of censorship of material directly relevant to national security is a basic OSINT defense. To counter Russian ambitions in the region and the potential threat it posed to the British position in India, the Indian Civil Service built up a system of surveillance, intelligence and counterintelligence. Victor Suvorov, the pseudonym of a former Soviet military intelligence (GRU) officer, makes the point that a defecting HUMINT officer is a special threat to walk-in or other volunteer assets of the country that he is leaving. Defensive CI efforts focus on securing information and preventing an adversary from stealing or destroying it. At one point, the counterintelligence unit operated quite autonomously, under the direction of James Jesus Angleton. Introduction. "Insurgent" could be a group opposing a recognized government by criminal or military means, as well as conducting clandestine intelligence and covert operations against the government in question, which could be one's own or a friendly one. Terrorists on the other hand, although they engage in deception as a function of security appear to be more prone to manipulation or deception by a well-placed adversary than are foreign intelligence services. Canada separates the functions of general defensive counterintelligence (contre-ingrence), security intelligence (the intelligence preparation necessary to conduct offensive counterintelligence), law enforcement intelligence, and offensive counterintelligence. Offensive techniques in current counterintelligence doctrine are principally directed against human sources, so counterespionage can be considered a synonym for offensive counterintelligence. Please help, Counterintelligence, counterterror, and government, Counterintelligence protection of intelligence services, Counterintelligence force protection source operations, Motivations for information and operations disclosure, Counter-MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence). Counterintelligence and security need to operate closely but they are different disciplines. France, for example, builds its domestic counterterror in a law enforcement framework. The British government founded the Secret Service Bureau in 1909 as the first independent and interdepartmental agency fully in control over all government counterintelligence activities. Customer engagement is the way a company creates a relationship with its customer base to foster brand loyalty and awareness. A variety of security disciplines also fall under intelligence security management and complement counterintelligence, including: The disciplines involved in "positive security," measures by which one's own society collects information on its actual or potential security, complement security. Because resources are always limited and not all threats are equal, counterintelligence prioritizes threats. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Captain Sir George Mansfield Smith-Cumming, U.S. When counterintelligence recruits an adversarial intelligence officer in order to combat the officers service, that individual may be able to provide much needed information in these key subject matters. [13] Depending on the country, there can be various mixtures of civilian and military in foreign operations. With luck, problems in an employee can be caught early, assistance can be provided to correct them, and not only is espionage avoided, but a useful employee retained. The advantage we get here is to know what a nations policy makers are truly interested in rather than relying solely on diplomatic statements. Learn a new word every day. In some situations, especially in free societies, it must be accepted that public buildings may always be subject to photography or other techniques. Cyber security is critically important but security is not counterintelligence though there is certainly a nexus. Counterintelligence Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Offensive counterespionage (and counterterrorism) is done one of two ways, either by manipulating the adversary (FIS or terrorist) in some manner or by disrupting the adversary's normal operations. Transnational Repression. Transnational criminal organizations include the drug trade, money laundering, extortion targeted against computer or communications systems, smuggling, etc. When the Cold War ended Russian espionage did not; it is as robust today as it ever was. When we started calling our national foreign intelligence program the national security program things started getting muddled. The process that evolves into espionage reduces barriers, making it essentially "Okay" to initiate the crime. US Army activates new counterintelligence command Officers in the counterintelligence (CI) career field perform a wide variety of tasks in support of the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) mission. Policy/Legal. All of these actions apply to non-national threats as well as to national organizations. Its simply an adversary of another type. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE: THE NEGLECTED ELEMENT - Patrick Henry College Source(s): [20] "Witting" is a term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or piece of information but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. Must be willing to submit to a Counterintelligence-scope Polygraph Examination. Do you have a question about how to do something or need more information about a topic? Modern tactics of espionage and dedicated government intelligence agencies developed over the course of the late-19th century. Source(s): counterintelligence meaning: 1. secret action taken by a country to prevent another country from discovering its military. Counterintelligence can both produce information and protect it. Adding the new tools and techniques to [national arsenals], the counterintelligence community will seek to manipulate foreign spies, conduct aggressive investigations, make arrests and, 1 The Russian Federation's major domestic security organization is the FSB, which principally came from the Second Chief Directorate and Third Chief Directorate of the USSR's KGB. Counterintelligence can use any activity or method to carry out its purpose that is not barred by statute or policy. It is a police and security function that is concerned primarily with defensive, protective activities. Counterintelligence - Wikipedia Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency | USAGov Login The counterintelligence community cannot cut off these relationships because of concern about security, but experience has shown that it must calculate the risks involved.[18]. Delivered to your inbox! No matter what quality and quantity of information is gathered, it does absolutely no good if the information is not turned into intelligence and disseminated to the commander in time for him to use it in the decisionmaking process. This also applies to imaging on aircraft and UAVs, although the more direct expedient of shooting them down, or attacking their launch and support area, is an option in wartime. Those wanting to reverse their role aren't confessing, they're negotiating. Counterintelligence (CI) is a dynamic and ever-changing field, art, and science. Counterintelligence is the knowledge needed for "the protection and preservation of the military, economic, and productive strength of the United States, including the security of the Government in domestic and foreign affairs, against or from espionage, sabotage, subversion and all other [similar] illegal acts designed to weaken or destroy the . CNSSI 4009-2015 [5] Its main concern was the activities of revolutionaries, who often worked and plotted subversive actions from abroad. A successor, EO 12333, was signed by President Reagan in 1981 and has been amended three times. [b]More specically, it is the job of US counterintelligence toidentify, assess, neutralize and exploit the intelligence activitie. Artificial Intelligence - A Counterintelligence Perspective: Part I Counterintelligence. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/counterintelligence. Subversion, treason, and leaks expose vulnerabilities, governmental and commercial secrets, and intelligence sources and methods. But the really big coups rarely become public. See intelligence. This is a potential security issue, you are being redirected to https://csrc.nist.gov. Deception: Counterdeception and Counterintelligence. More specific countermeasures against intelligence collection disciplines are listed below, If accessible, use SATRAN reports of satellites overhead to hide or stop activities while being viewed, Counter-HUMINT deals with both the detection of hostile HUMINT sources within an organization, or the detection of individuals likely to become hostile HUMINT sources, as a mole or double agent. Counterintelligence also is concerned with protecting advanced technology . Source(s): 2.d.8. Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons, or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Sometimes, the preventive and neutralization tasks overlap, as in the case of Earl Edwin Pitts. The establishment of dedicated intelligence and counterintelligence organizations had much to do with the colonial rivalries between the major European powers and to the accelerating development of military technology. Security is focused on physical gates, guards, and locks and the cyber versions. New Chinese Law Raises Risks for American Firms in China, U.S Only at the strategic level are there reasonably consistent definitions of counterintelligence. PDF Strategic Counterintelligence - The World Factbook Copyright 1999 - 2023, TechTarget In the US service, there was also significant disruption over the contradictory accusations about moles from defectors Anatoliy Golitsyn and Yuri Nosenko, and their respective supporters in CIA and the British Security Service (MI5). The range of actions that might be done to support a friendly government can include a wide range of functions, certainly including military or counterintelligence activities, but also humanitarian aid and aid to development ("nation building").[19]. All Rights Reserved, Had an electronic system to detect anomalies in browsing through counterintelligence files been in place, Robert Hanssen's searches for suspicion of activities of his Soviet (and later Russian) paymasters might have surfaced early. For example, when communications intelligence identifies a particular radio transmitter as one used only by a particular country, detecting that transmitter inside one's own country suggests the presence of a spy that counterintelligence should target. Offensive measures using enemy information, Toggle Counterintelligence missions subsection, Toggle Defensive counterintelligence operations subsection, The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to train. You may work as part of a geographically dispersed team or foreign local team. Educating personnel in all fields of security. Finally, what is being targeted and how aggressively is it being carried out. The United Kingdom is generally considered to have a very free press, but there is the DA-Notice, formerly D-notice system. Intelligence: From secrets to policy. In particular, counterintelligence has a significant relationship with the collection discipline of HUMINT and at least some relationship with the others. 3 for additional details. PDF Counterintelligence for National Security - The World Factbook Select a category to start accessing resources. [29] While a funding cut caused the loss of impetus in the mid-nineties, there are research data used throughout the security community. The National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC) is led and staffed by a cadre of professionals with decades of national security and law enforcement expertise and varied analytic, investigative and policymaking backgrounds. Introduction. The goal of CI is to ensure information cannot be modified or destroyed by a malicious actor and that only authorized people can access an organization's information.CI is often associated with intelligence agencies, government organizations or the military but businesses also benefit from including CI in their approach to security. Mission Centers serve as the Department's center of gravity for intelligence-driven integration of analysis, technology, skills, and functions to counter the most critical threats facing the Homeland today. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Some of the overarching CI tasks are described as. Feels isolated from the consequences of his actions: The individual sees their situation in a context in which they face continually narrowing options until espionage seems reasonable. Counterintelligence Force Protection Source Operations (CFSO) are human source operations, normally clandestine in nature, conducted abroad that are intended to fill the existing gap in national level coverage, as well as satisfying the combatant commander's intelligence requirements. essential and multi-faceted motivational patterns underlying espionage. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency. Intelligence | Definition, History, Agencies, Examples, & Facts Essentially, the same manner of strategies, goals, objectives, and tradecraft are used against terrorist groups. The sheriffs office believes the recruiter is Perla Huerta, a former US Army. For example, while offensive counterintelligence is a mission of the US CIA's National Clandestine Service, defensive counterintelligence is a mission of the U.S. When foreign governments stalk, intimidate, or assault people in the United States, it is considered transnational repression. Accessed 8 Jul. FIS is an established term of art in the counterintelligence community, and, in today's world, "foreign" is shorthand for "opposing." It is a police and security function that is concerned primarily with defensive, protective activities. Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 2.1: How does CI help us to deal with our cautious relationship with Russia, and trace hacking and other forms of espionage back to them? [22] Military police and other patrols that mingle with local people may indeed be valuable HUMINT sources for counterintelligence awareness, but are not themselves likely to be CFSOs. Since every intelligence discipline is subject to manipulation by our adversaries, validating the reliability of intelligence from all collection platforms is essential. The term 'counterintelligence' means information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or international terrorist activities. This toolkit will quickly point you to the resources for Counterintelligence Awareness. Counterintelligence (CI) is the information gathered and actions taken to identify and protect against an adversary's knowledge collection activities or attempts to cause harm through sabotage or other actions. The interdependence of the US counterintelligence community is also manifest in its relationships with liaison services. [28] In several major penetrations of US services, such as Aldrich Ames, the Walker ring or Robert Hanssen, the individual showed patterns of spending inconsistent with their salary. Counterintelligence at CIA: A Brief History - CIA - The World Factbook The best security system in the world cannot provide an adequate defense against it because the technique involves people. Angleton's forced departure was part of DCI William Colby's housecleaning following what the Church Committee's later report would refer to as the December 1974 "end of an era in CIA counterintelligence.". Security programs (e.g., briefings) have no meaning for the individual unless they connect with something with which they can personally identify. Its purpose is to deter, detect, and neutralize the threat posed by hostile intelligence services against U.S. diplomatic personnel, facilities, equipment, and information. Counterintelligence Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com In March 1996, Saudi Arabian border guards arrested a Hizballah member attempting plastic explosive into the country, leading to the arrest of two more Hizballah members. To an interviewer, Kampiles suggested that if someone had noted his "problem"constant conflicts with supervisors and co-workersand brought in outside counseling, he might not have stolen the KH-11 manual. Sometimes, however, the two functions are blended. Performance in a government job (if presently employed) is separate from espionage; espionage does not (really) discount contribution in the workplace. The emphasis which the KGB places on penetration is evident in the cases already discussed from the defensive or security viewpoint. The Russian Department for Counterintelligence Operations, or DKRO, is a secretive organization that operates under the FSB, Russia's security agency. Subject finds that it is easy to go around security safeguards (or is able to solve that problem). The Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency provides industrial security engagement and counterintelligence support to secure the trustworthiness of the U.S. government's workforce, contract support, technologies, services, and supply chains. Counterintelligence (CI) is intertwined with our history, laws and ethics, and major espionage cases have affected American society and politics from German saboteurs and communist movements to terrorist cells today.2 The CI mission that supports and is governed by our Constitution and democratic institutions is utterly different from that pract. Many British journalists find that the system is used fairly, but there will always be arguments. Counterintelligence means information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons, or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities.1 Defensive counterintelligence starts by looking for places in one's own organization that could easily be exploited by foreign intelligence services (FIS). Wisner emphasized his own, and Dulles', views that the best defense against foreign attacks on, or infiltration of, intelligence services is active measures against those hostile services. Force protection, for forces deployed in host countries, occupation duty, and even at home, may not be supported sufficiently by a national-level counterterrorism organization alone. By counterintelligence penetration of Russian intelligence services, we learn what their intelligence services focuson so that their actions can be prevented or otherwise controlled. Want updates about CSRC and our publications? Future Slammer analyses will focus on newly developing issues in espionage such as the role of money, the new dimensions of loyalty and what seems to be a developing trend toward economic espionage. This is where the EOs use of deceive, exploit, disrupt and protect against comes in. Manipulating an intelligence professional, himself trained in counterintelligence, is no easy task, unless he is already predisposed toward the opposing side. This mandate is a good statement of a mandate to conduct offensive counterintelligence. US military services have had a similar and even more complex split. Later, operational divisions had subordinate counterintelligence branches, as well as a smaller central counterintelligence staff. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Offensive counterespionage is the set of techniques that at least neutralizes discovered FIS personnel and arrests them or, in the case of diplomats, expels them by declaring them. Even though the spy is arrested, everyone wants to know how could this have happened? They may even break contact. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Solicitation of Qualified Marines to Lateral Move Into the Chapter 5 COUNTERINTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION GENERAL. There is an additional category relevant to the broad spectrum of counterintelligence: why one becomes a terrorist. Without undue violations of personal privacy, systems can be developed to spot anomalous behavior, especially in the use of information systems. NOCs are also known as illegals in contrast to legal intelligence officers who operate out of their nations diplomatic establishments under diplomatic cover and have diplomatic immunity. Hizballah leaders recruited replacements for those arrested, and continued planning for the attack. The Army Counterintelligence (CI) Program requires its members to be mature, intelligent, and personable to carry out the broad range of CI functions to detect, identify, exploit, and. William Kampiles, a low-level worker in the CIA Watch Center, sold, for a small sum, the critical operations manual on the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite. What does Counterintelligence mean? - Definitions.net Responsibilties and Reporting Requirements. The FBI's national CI strategy focuses resources on counterproliferation, counterespionage, and protection of critical technology and information. Counterintelligence is part of intelligence cycle security, which, in turn, is part of intelligence cycle management. Operations against a FIS might be against one's own nation, or another friendly nation. It is defensive. George Kisevalter, the CIA operations officer that was the CIA side of the joint US-UK handling of Oleg Penkovsky, did not believe Angleton's theory that Nosenko was a KGB plant. CI officers detect, identify, assess, exploit, counter, and neutralize the damaging efforts by . In some circumstances, arrest may be a first step in which the prisoner is given the choice of co-operating or facing severe consequence up to and including a death sentence for espionage. As espionage became more widely used, it became imperative to expand the role of existing police and internal security forces into a role of detecting and countering foreign spies. Identifying intelligence service activities, targets, personnel, and techniques (intelligence techniques are called tradecraft) is the beginning. Military and security organizations will provide secure communications, and may monitor less secure systems, such as commercial telephones or general Internet connections, to detect inappropriate information being passed through them. After a relationship with espionage activity and HOIS develops, the process becomes much more bearable, espionage continues (even flourishes).

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